I grew up on a turkey farm back in the 1950's and today, I raise Narrangansett turkeys.
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What's really interesting is how the "Franken-Bird" continues to evolve... weight-wise. Thanks to selective breeding, growth hormones, etc. etc., the weight of the average (commercial) turkey jumped an incredible 29% between 1989 and 2004.
Today’s commercial turkey is selected to efficiently produce meat at the lowest possible cost. A breed called the Large or Broad Breasted White was developed to meet the need for cost-effective production. This breed, which eventually replaced the Broad Breasted Bronze, was selected for greater size. The gains made in size and reducing cost have had consequences. One of these was the loss of the birds’ ability to reproduce naturally. Both the Broad Breasted White and the Broad Breasted Bronze turkey require artificial insemination to produce fertile eggs.
The average turkey in the store today is 13 weeks old. A turkey has to reach 23–24 weeks of age before they’ll start putting down fat. A commercial turkey puts weight on so fast, it cannot be allowed to grow that long. Because the commercial birds grow so big, they are processed for the stores at a younger age. You have to take them in at a really young age or you’d have a 35–40 pound tom for Thanksgiving. (Our Narrangansett Turkeys grow at a naturally slower rate... not reaching marketable size until 6 to 9 months, and 18 months for a big gobbler).
The meat distribution and texture is markedly different in a commercial vs. "heritage" turkey. In the commercial bird, breeding techniques have concentrated on developing massive breast size (hence the inability of commercial turkeys to mount and breed naturally). On the other hand, a heritage turkey develops meat/muscle in a natural fashion... building up the muscles that it uses the most. Since the heritage bird spends a considerable time free ranging, the bulk of the meat is in the legs and thighs (dark meat).
If you're ever a dinner guest at the White House and both commercial and heritage turkeys are served... grab a handful of breast meat from both birds and squeeze. The commercial meat has almost no body to it and will form into a wet ball of unrecognizeable tissue. The heritage meat is like grabbing a piece of tender steak. Chewy, but definitely not tough.
Anyway... Happy Thanksgiving in advance!
3 week old Narrangansetts...
Mature Toms...
